Tuesday, May 24, 2011

Philippine Rice Varieties


List of Rice Varieties in the Philippines


A few of the popular varieties found and sold in local markets:

  • Dinurado / Denorado
  • Intan
  • Milagrosa
  • Sinandomeng
  • Wag-Wag
  • C4 (UPLB C4-63G)
  • IR36
  • IR42
  • IR64
Some less known:

  • Angelica (NSIC Rc 122)
  • Apostol 
  • Azmil
  • Azucena
  • Balatinao
  • Baysilanon
  • Bigante
  • Binirhen
  • Binicol
  • Binulawan
  • Bugos
  • Bunto Kabayo
  • Burdagol
  • Chayong
  • Davao
  • Delhlinla
  • Dinalaga
  • Dumali
  • Elon-elon
  • Ennano
  • Fortuna 
  • Ginilingan Puti
  • Guinangang
  • Inadhica
  • Inuruban
  • Kalinayan
  • Kasungsung
  • Kinanda
  • Kinastano
  • Macan I 
  • Macan Binundok
  • Macaraniag
  • Magilas
  • Magsanaya
  • Makapilay pusa
  • Mangarez
  • Masipag
  • Milbuen
  • Milfor
  • Milketan 
  • Mimis
  • Palawan 
  • Pampanga
  • PARC-2
  • Rinara
  • Rizalina
  • Santa Rita
  • Sigadis Milagrosa
  • Sinampablo
  • Sinampaga Selection
  • Smaguing
  • Taducan
  • Tinawon

Rice in the Philippines is called bigas when uncooked and kanin when cooked.  Glutinous rice is referred to as malagkit (sticky).  Unmilled rice is palay.  Rice is the staple food in the Philippines supplying about 35% of the average Filipino's daily caloric intake.  Aside from plain steamed rice, there are many Filipino rice recipes, rice snacks and desserts.  Even the water that has been used to wash rice, called hugas bigas, is sometimes called for in Filipino recipes aside from other uses such as an electrolyte mixture to combat diarrhea and as a fertilizer.

The history of Philippine rice farming dates back to antiquity and has left a legacy etched into the very fabric of Filipino culture, perhaps most vividly manifest in the majestic Philippine rice terraces carved into the rocks of the northern Philippines.  They are symbolic both of the importance and difficulties faced in growing rice in the country.  While the Philippines is heavily reliant on rice, its mountainous terrain is not well-suited to rice cultivation placing obstacles to Philippine rice production.  This and its fast growing population have contributed in making the country the largest rice importer in recent years, despite being the eighth largest rice producer.  With Philippine rice shortages and rising world rice prices, food security is a concern driving rice research into high-yield rice and tougher more resistant hybrid rice varieties in the Philippines.    

There are many different strains of rice—the International Rice Genebank is reputed to hold over 112,000 different specimens of rice varieties from all over the world—but only a small fraction of these have the requisite traits that make them attractive to plant commercially.  In the Philippines there are indigenous medium grain tropical japonica ("javanica") varieties and long grain indica rice varieties.

Nomenclature


Traditional Filipino varieties of rice are referred to by their traditional names.  Several institutions have been involved in the development of rice varieties in the Philippines and their names are sometimes referenced in the designation of rice species, especially those of older rice varieties.  Rice varieties with designations starting with IR such as IR64 were bred by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); UPL or UPLB refers to the University of the Philippines, Los Baños; and BPI refers to the Bureau of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture Philippines.  The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is another branch of the Department of Agriculture involved in developing rice in the country.

The release of rice varieties in the Philippines became more systematized over the years with the Philippine Seed Board (PSB), now the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC), eventually empowered to conduct the releasing process.  The NSIC tests seeds submitted to it and then formally releases those which pass its criteria giving them a designation that was earlier in the form PSB Rc, but has now changed to NSIC Rc.  This coding practice has been in use since 1990 and applies to newer rice varieties.  Rice varieties most suitable for lowland areas are even numbered while those considered best for upland areas are designated with odd numbers.  More conventional names are often associated with the PSB technical code, with names of rivers and lakes being applied to the lowland varieties and names of mountains for those for upland use.  Sometimes popular names given by Philippine rice farmers have been adopted.

More recently the NSIC naming code has dropped the usage of names of bodies of water and mountains and has instead adopted the descriptive terms Japonica, Mabango, Malagkit, Matatag, Mestiso, Sahod Ulan, Salinas, Submarino, and Tubigan to refer to japonica, aromatic, glutinous, tungro-resistant, hybrid, rainfed lowland, saline, flooded lowland, and irrigated lowland rice varieties respectively.

Notes

Aside from the usual long grain white rice, local brown rice, red rice, and black rice can be found in supermarkets although wild rice (which is not properly a rice at all) is harder to find.  Previously, rice sold in local markets as often as not was badly milled with many sand and gravel particles or old rice husks mixed in.  This made it easy for imported foreign rice, mainly from Thailand but also Japan and the United States, to develop a reputation for superior quality.  Fortunately the local situation has improved dramatically in recent years with a rise in milling standards.  One is now better able to appreciate and compare the intrinsic qualities of the local varieties of rice without being distracted by extraneous considerations.  The focus in rice research has also expanded to include more the factors that go into good table qualities and not just those that increase rice yield resulting in new hybrid varieties for sale.

The general impression I have is that while imported rice varieties can often be more fragrant, very aromatic rice tends to become spoiled (panis) more easily if left in the hot and humid climate of the country too long.  The table qualities are otherwise pretty comparable and a matter of personal preference.

Milagrosa: Miracle Rice Marketing?

For a long time I was under the impression the Thai rice being sold was a local variety because milagrosa, the name of an aromatic traditional Philippine rice variety which also translates from Spanish as miracle or miraculous ergo "miracle rice", was usually written in bold on the sacks of rice from Thailand.  Further confusing things was the use of the term "miracle rice" for the breakthrough IRRI variety IR8, a high yielding rice variety resulting from the cross of the Indonesian peta with the Taiwanese semi-dwarf deegeowoogen (DGWG) that is credited with ushering in a green revolution.   I now suspect that the milagrosa labeling was probably just a marketing ploy to appeal to Filipino rice consumers familiar with the Philippine milagrosa variety.  These days sacks of rice from Thailand have largely dropped the name milagrosa from their bags and instead the term "jasmine rice" or Thai hom mali, which is from what I can gather possibly the variety of rice used all along, is promoted.

Consulted sources conflict on whether milagrosa is an indica variety like most imported Thai rice or a tropical japonica.  My own experience with milagrosa rice from a Philippine supplier is that it has a greater tendency to retain water and end up sticky leading me to think that it is a tropical japonica variety.

Common Market Varieties

Among local varieties, milagrosa has a high reputation going back many years.  If going by price as an indicator of quality, then of the common local premium varieties offered by a number of suppliers, milagrosa is followed by dinurado which is generally more highly regarded than sinandomeng, which is then followed by wag-wag, C4, and other unnamed varieties.  To be truthful I'd have a hard time trying to distinguish between them and would consider the supplier or brand a more important basis of differentiation.  It may be just as well.  According to surveys conducted to determine the most popular varieties for rice planting, many of the IRRI rice cultivars and those named by the NSIC composed the vast majority of rice planted.  This would seem to be at odds with the experience at market where a large proportion of rice supplied by Philippine rice traders are labeled as popular traditional varieties.     

More Rice

Other varieties of local rice not carried by multiple branded suppliers have become increasingly available for Philippine rice buyers.  Ifugao rice was purchased one time when it went on sale and was found to be good quality and kept very well; the retail price almost doubled shortly after.

With more quality Philippine rice grains, Indian basmati rice joining the fray, and an increased interest in alternative grains driven by health concerns about white rice, trying all the varieties of rice out instead of sticking to one has become a more appealing option.   

This while rice imports overall have declined because a substantial portion of imported rice was imported by the government for food security.  This rice is made available by the National Food Authority (NFA) with a lot of the NFA rice sourced from Vietnam. 

Brands

The rice available comes from a broad range of suppliers with most local brands having only spotty presence across supermarkets.  Brands found in one supermarket chain may be absent in another.  In wet markets rice is often taken out of the sack and sold per kilo with variety of rice instead of brand of producer being the discriminating factor.

The following local brands have some consistency in presence:

Best Choice - Tantrik Trading - 2140 Onyx St., Sta Ana, Manila
Doña Maria - SL Agritech Corporation - sl-agritech.com
Golden Grains - R.E.F. Commercial Corp.
Harvester's - Sunnywood Corp. - sunnywoodrice.com
Highlands Rice - highlands_rice@yahoo.com
Ifugao Rice - Oliver Enterprises - Talavera, Nueva Ecija - oliverricemill@yahoo.com - 044-456-5001, 044-456-0508, 0917-566-2249 
Mrs. Lam - ECT Enterprises  - Malaking Ambling, Magdalena, Laguna - 0922-838-8365 - ectent@yahoo.com
Vita-Rice - Golden Season Grains Center Inc. - Dadap, Luna, Isabela - gsgci.com - inquiry@gsgci.com - 0917-530-9988

More information

16 comments:

  1. Could someone tell me what sort of Philippine Rice is closest in taste and quality to American Supermarket Rice, namely Mahatma brand long grain white rice? I was raised in Manila but never paid attention to what rice we were fed as kids. Then I moved to America and spent my entire young adulthood there, of course shopping for myself. I've grown accustomed to expecting my rice to be long-grained, and come-out separated and fluffy after cooking. Now that I'm back in Manila, I get into fights at home over what rice is bought, usually "Sinandomeng". I find the grains too short to eat with a fork (that's right, not with a spoon) and too sticky after being done in the rice cooker. I hate having to "carve out" the rice with the rice cooker spatula like a mason pulling mortar out of a bucket. I want my rice "scoopable" with a wide spoon and be able to pour it on my plate, just like it would be served in the dining hall when I was in the US military.

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    1. I am unfamiliar with the Mahatma extra long grain enriched rice specifically but according to Mahatma's website it is a variety grown in the United States. I've bought some U.S. rice from Texas sold in local supermarkets and noticed they tended to come out drier and more whole but personally found them to have a tendency to not go down as easy. So you can try those U.S. imports. As I say in the above article I think brand often is more important a consideration than rice variety and some brands selling jasmine Thai hom mali rice, but not all, may fit your needs. If you want a Philippine cultivar the Ifugao rice found in some supermarkets might be worth a shot. Some of the ambiguous long grain rice if packaged well, may be worth trying too since they are probably newer rice cultivars bred for qualities you are seeking. Try looking at transparent packages that allow you to see whole rice grains, a sign of good rice milling. I would avoid milagrosa or dinorado varieties since they tend to be softer than sinandomeng. You'll probably need to go through some trial and error.

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    2. Mahatma long grain rice is basmati

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    3. Thanks. I suspected as much. I've tried the Wag-wag varieties and it's kinda close. I've also discovered "California" rice sold only in SM Supermarkets, which price-wise is competitive with Basmati in closer stores. Thing is, it's a pain to go to any SM because of the way they poorly placed their malls. Lousy Urban Planning on display there.

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  2. What is the best I can plant in guimeras got 1 he ricefield but I am a beginner What about tubigan 24 and where can I buy that seed ? Or you have a better sugestion L.Peters.

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    Replies
    1. You might want to try looking at the government PhilRice website (not the fake one set up by someone else) or visit the Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank website. Those sites may be in a better position to address your needs.

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    2. Hi Admin, I would like to ask If where can I sell our Isabela black rice variety around Metro Manila. Thanks.

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  3. Can someone tell me How is the demand for IR64 raw rice?At what price are you buying 5kg, 25 kg rice bags in philippines

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  4. Thank you so much for posting this information's regarding on Rice in the Philippines. This help a lot on my thesis as a college student here at Benguet State University. Thank you so much!

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  5. Sir may i know the name of the author from this because I need it for my Literature Cited on my thesis.

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  6. Had a white rice with a red stripe 30 years ago near northern Mindanao. Don't know the name, can anybody help me find some?

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  7. Hi guys i am from India i want high yield rice varities from across the globe to produce in India for indian formers community, kindly help me in finding varities of paddy ( Rice) harvesting duration 100 to 150 Days which can fit into Indian climatic conditions. please mail me on mailjrd@gmail.com.This has been initiated to help former community of my country only no commercial Intrest.
    we are also in need of healthy vegitebles and fruits seeds.
    Mr. janakiramaiah D,
    cell no :+91 9986954823

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  8. This is a great blog with excellent topics.

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  9. Thank you for sharing this wonderful blog with us. This is really helpful and informative blog.Keep sharing these kinds of blogs.

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  10. Thank you for informative blog. We provide wholesale rice in usa. A wholesale rice distributors compny in USA that play an important role to produce rice in best and affordable prices Find our products in details.

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  11. Thank you for sharing such helpful blog. We also offer IR 64 rice varieties in African and gulf countries.

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